Welcome to Infonomy (ISSN 2990-2290), the academic journal of scientific dissemination of Information, Documentation and Social Communication. In an increasingly complex and technological world, it is crucial that scientists make an effort to communicate their findings to the general public. Scientific communication not only helps foster interest in science and technology, but can also improve informed decision-making on important issues, such as public health and the environment. Scientific dissemination not only benefits the general public. It is also important for scientists to communicate with each other and share their discoveries in an accessible way. Scientific findings can often be difficult for non-experts to understand, so it is essential that researchers strive to explain their ideas and studies in a clear and concise manner. In this “outreach” academic journal, notes published cover a wide range of topics, from Communication to Bibliometrics, including Documentation, Information Management and Scholarly Publication. It is open to authors who are not only experts in their fields, but also in communicating their ideas in a way that is easy and accessible to everyone. We hope you enjoy reading Infonomy and feel inspired to continue learning about Information and its communication, management or measurement. We also hope that if you are a researcher you will feel motivated to go the extra mile to communicate your findings and discoveries to a broad and diverse audience. Together, we can foster a culture of learning and discovery.
Ediciones Profesionales de la Información S.L. (EPI SL)
Forced inclusion, tokenism, and cancel culture in the contemporary film industry
This article examines the dynamics of forced inclusion, tokenism, and cancel culture in contemporary audiovisual culture from a sociological perspective. Focusing on widely discussed case studies such as The Little Mermaid, The Rings of Power, James Bond, and The Queen’s Gambit, it explores how diversity is represented, negotiated, and contested within today’s screen industries, as well as the strategies adopted by major international production companies in response to changing cultural expectations. The analysis shows that, although these texts seek to address growing demands for inclusivity, they often give rise to tokenistic forms of representation or to controversies that culminate in processes of public backlash and cancellation. The study identifies persistent tensions between the pursuit of broader diversity and the polarized responses of audiences, suggesting that forced inclusion and tokenism may weaken the perceived authenticity of cultural discourse. It further argues that cancel culture, rather than fostering substantive debate, may constrain both creative freedom and narrative complexity. Finally, the article proposes a set of critical criteria for avoiding tokenism in the film industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Montserrat Vidal-Mestre, Alfonso Freire-Sánchez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Disruption(s). From the media crisis to the irruption of AI
This article analyzes the deep transformation of the media industry over the last twenty years, marked by three pivotal moments of disruption. The first, triggered by the 2008 financial crisis, signaled an irreversible decline of the advertising-based business model and the transition toward ‘digital first’ strategies. The second, around 2012, saw digital consumption and advertising volume overtake traditional print media, forcing a re-evaluation of sustainability and the emergence of new legal and fiduciary ownership structures, such as trusts. Ownership, ranging from family-owned groups to non-profit foundations have influenced the industry’s ability to maintain editorial independence and economic viability. The third and most recent disruption, beginning in late 2022 with the mass adoption of Generative AI (LLMs), presents an uncertain landscape where media organizations oscillate between litigation and opaque compensatory agreements with Big Tech. The paper concludes that while AI offers opportunities for functional specialization, it also threatens to further fragment the industry and weaken the bargaining power of the journalistic workforce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Javier Díaz-Noci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mental health (or, rather, the lack thereof) is one of the issues shaping public debate in recent years. Now, a quarter of the way through the 21st century, it's clear that the problem, far from being resolved, is becoming more entrenched, especially in societies inhabiting large cities. The main objective of this research is to determine the current situation of young people. To this end, a questionnaire was developed and completed by 1,349 people. The age range was set between 18 and 30 years. The initial population was reduced to a sample of 903 people, randomly selected with the help of the efficient AntConc search engine. The results provide sufficient information to categorically state that young people not only suffer greatly as a consequence of poor mental health, but also require appropriate and timely care to prevent their disorders from becoming chronic and more severe, and from degenerating into more complex pathologies. Communication and existing tools can help a large number of people manage the obstacles they face with a greater degree of confidence and resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laura Sanz-Simón, Almudena Barrientos-Báez, David Caldevilla-Domínguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Local journalism in the mirror: historical evolution and trends
Reporting on local issues is a principle attached to the origins of journalism. In fact, having access to this type of local news is essential for understanding the surrounding environment and for the functioning of democracy itself. However, the evolution of local news is not linear, but rather stems from several technical and social changes, compounded by differences between countries. This essay reviews the professional and academic trajectory of the sector, which is sometimes criticized despite its centrality to social life. Starting from the observation of the solid tradition of local and regional media in many territories, it traces their evolution, paying particular attention to the digital transition, where problems such as news deserts emerge. In a globalized context, there is also a renewed interest in local issues, giving rise to a whole new generation of digital-native local media. Furthermore, these news organizations are more likely to experiment, including with AI. All of this shapes local journalism as a vibrant field of study whose evolution depends not only on technology, but also on how a community understands itself.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rubén Rivas-de-Roca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital communication strategies of the websites of the most visited theme parks in the world
Within the context shaped by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study examines the digital communication strategies employed by the websites of the world’s most visited theme parks. Drawing on six research variables encompassing 65 thematic categories, the primary aim is to explore the design and communicative features of these websites. Findings reveal that only 17.07% of the analysed websites enable users to share experiences or opinions. The study concludes that communication strategies tend to be highly mediatized, with a recurrent reliance on specific formats and types of content. Particularly noteworthy is the limited incorporation of immersive materials and the scarce use of augmented or mixed reality, among other innovative resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tejedor-Calvo Santiago, Laura Cervi, Almudena Barrientos-Báez, Belén Sancho-Ligorred, David Rull-Ribó, Jesús Martínez-Fernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Out-of-home advertising in transformation: genealogy, digital mutations and continuity of the medium in the city
Out‑of‑home advertising has undergone a profound transformation that cannot be understood without considering its trajectory as a form of persuasive communication embedded in the urban environment. Focusing on the Spanish case while situating it within a global context marked by similar dynamics of digitalisation, this study interprets the medium’s evolution through a combination of historical insight and contemporary analysis. Drawing on a critical review of academic and industry sources, it examines how the digitalisation of formats, programmatic automation, data integration and the introduction of artificial intelligence intersect with long-standing features inherited from poster culture and the material history of the medium. Findings reveal a shift towards a hybrid ecology in which analogue supports continue to fulfil essential functions, while digital formats introduce new possibilities for flexibility, contextual adaptation and creative experimentation. The analysis also identifies key tensions —measurement, regulation, sustainability and aesthetic differentiation— that shape the current configuration of the medium. Taken together, these perspectives illuminate how the present moment rearticulates historical logics and enables a renewed understanding of out-of-home advertising as a communicative form that adapts to technological change while remaining anchored in its urban and cultural lineage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marta Pacheco-Rueda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of definition within La cortesía del filósofo
The aphorism “la claridad es la cortesía del filósofo” frames the communicative environment between interlocutors with disparate experiences and knowledge. Ortega subscribes to the Platonic organon, which conceptualizes language as a social convention that transmits information from the learned to the ignorant. Aristotle defined grammar as the equilibrium resulting from the various uses of language. He named rare the word that provides information and definition the clarification of a rare word through common terms that require no definition. Clarity, therefore, consists in adhering to grammar by using both rare and common words in moderation. Ortega's apothegm unravels modern misunderstandings regarding lexical ambiguity within the economy of discourse and clarifies the reasons why rhetoric has endured to the present day.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Núñez-Ladevéze https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EdTech and inclusion: Educational technology at the service of functional diversity
This article analyzes sixteen educational technology (EdTech) platforms, focusing on their potential to enhance the learning experience for individuals with visual, hearing, or motor disabilities. Using an analytical framework that integrates the perspective of inclusive education and international digital accessibility standards (WCAG 2.1, ATAG 2.0), it examines how each tool meets or falls short of the specific needs of these groups. Additionally, it describes the primary use, general advantages, and limitations of each platform, categorized into five areas: massive open online courses (MOOCs), language teaching, early childhood education, professional development, and classroom tools. The article concludes with a comparative analysis of the inclusive maturity of the sector and recommendations for educators, institutions, and developers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nicoleta-Roxana Dinu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Diversidad y resiliencia. La discapacidad en el cine de ficción climática
For decades, cinema has transmitted stereotypes of abnormality and weakness about people with disabilities, something that does not help to socially integrate this group. This research analyzes the narrative and symbolic role of characters with disabilities in some of the main climate fiction films, a subgenre of science fiction that has recently gained prominence due to the climate crisis. For this purpose, the 22 top-rated films of the subgenre on the audiovisual portal IMDb and the 18 characters with disabilities they include have been studied. The analysis shows the predominance of motor disabilities, followed by visual, language, intellectual and mental disabilities. Meanwhile, hearing or visceral disabilities are residual in these climatic fiction films.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francisco-Javier Rivero-Estévez, Isidro Jiménez-Gómez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating the computational reliability of ChatGPT in calculating intercoder reliability in content analysis: Evidence from simulated data
The increasing integration of large language models (LLMs) into the research workflow has raised important questions regarding their reliability in performing statistical analyses. While prior studies have explored the use of LLMs in text classification and qualitative coding, little is known about their accuracy in computing core statistical metrics used in content analysis. This study addresses this gap by systematically evaluating the performance of ChatGPT in calculating percentage agreement, contingency tables, and Cohen’s Kappa. Using a series of controlled simulations, we varied key parameters including sample size, number of categories, distribution balance, and levels of coding error. The outputs generated by ChatGPT 5.3 Instant were benchmarked against results obtained by the author using standard statistical procedures (ground truth). Findings indicate that ChatGPT achieves high accuracy only under simple conditions, particularly with small samples, binary variables, and balanced distributions. However, its performance declines as analytical complexity increases. In moderately complex scenarios, the model shows partial accuracy, often reproducing contingency tables correctly but introducing deviations in derived statistics. In more complex settings, especially with unbalanced distributions or multiple categories, ChatGPT produces systematically biased results, typically overestimating agreement. Additionally, in large-scale datasets, the model fails to generate outputs due to operational limitations. Overall, the results reveal a lack of consistent reliability across realistic analytical scenarios. As a bottom line, the use of ChatGPT for computing these statistical metrics is not recommended, except in very simple cases involving small samples, and only under strict supervision and validation using established statistical software.
Copyright (c) 2026 Manuel Goyanes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The presence of disability in Isabel Díaz Ayuso’s Instagram posts
Disability affects nearly one-fifth of the global population. Nevertheless, social exclusion remains a central challenge for people with disabilities in their pursuit of equality and full societal participation. Social media play an important role in promoting the social inclusion of people with disabilities, and political actors can function as influencers who build credibility and authenticity while engaging with this population. This article presents a systematic assessment of the visibility of people with disabilities in the Instagram posts of Spanish politician and President of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Isabel Díaz Ayuso. A mixed-methods approach was employed to analyze textual, visual, and audiovisual content related to disability. The results identified multiple forms of the politician’s engagement such as raising awareness and promoting visibility of people with disabilities, supporting institutions that facilitate their participation, attending public and social events related to disability, and using these interactions for personal promotion and electoral image-building.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dragana Djordjevic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From hero to villain, and vice versa: media polarization and discursive dynamics in X regarding the #ObjetivoNadal case
On 14 February 2024, Rafael Nadal gave an interview to the Spanish television channel La Sexta on its TV show El Objetivo. During the interview, the tennis player expressed his views on whether men and women should receive equal pay in sport. This study analyses social interactions on the social media platform X across the profiles of generalist and sports newspapers that published content related to the former athlete's statements. A total of 1,516 replies were examined, covering the period from the broadcast date until 30 days thereafter. The research adopts a mixed-methodology approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses in order to determine whether the newspapers' ideological orientation influences the tone of user responses and the degree of discursive polarity. The results reveal the issue, regardless of the ideological stance of the newspapers, with predominantly positive replies in most of the outlets analyzed. The study concludes that social media platforms constitute spaces conducive to confrontation between groups, driven by strong beliefs and where polarization increasingly extends into new domains such as sport.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alberto Álvarez-Álvarez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Communicating climate change: Cli-Fi cinema, documentaries and performing arts for narrative construction
Climate change is an inevitable reality according to scientific reports, and with it comes the possibility of the destruction of all life if we do not radically transform the way we treat nature. Despite this, the causes that shape and provoke the different indicators of this climate change have hardly changed. Faced with scenarios of great uncertainty about our survival, knowing and constructing appropriate narratives becomes essential to visualize possible collective goals and change visions of the future. Cinema has a privileged position in the construction of imaginaries, which is why it is appropriate to analyze the narratives that reach society and construct representations around these issues. To this end, Cli-Fi (or climate fiction) films and documentaries are analyzed. Added to this are stage projects that deploy eco-dramaturgical forms: all of them approach the communication of these issues in different ways. The conclusions reflect on the production of narratives to engage the audience from a more emotional point of view, encouraging changes in social behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ana Sedeño-Valdellós https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental impact of artificial intelligence: a pending debate
The arrival of generative artificial intelligence has sparked important debates within all social spheres, including communication and media education. This research seeks to delve into one of its lesser-known effects: its eco-social impact on the environment. To this end, a documentary review of research seeking to understand this reality has been carried out, analysing more than 40 publications on the subject. The studies focus especially on its energy consumption, with its resulting greenhouse gas emissions, as well as on water consumption. However, other phases of its life cycle, such as the extraction of raw materials or the manufacturing of the equipment that supports artificial intelligence, will not be addressed. We found a lack of studies that take a comprehensive view of the impact of the entire life cycle of artificial intelligence. The results would show a high impact of generative artificial intelligence on the environment, with worse repercussions in the countries of the Global South despite not being its main beneficiaries. Researchers agree on the need to commit to "Green AI" as opposed to the current majority trend of "Red AI", which prioritises performance without taking sustainability into account. This reality should be taken into account when updating media education proposals that seek a more critical and sustainable use of digital tools, as well as when formulating global policy proposals that minimise such impacts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fernando Tucho, José-María García-de-Madariaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental journalism from an academic perspective
The analysis presented here reveals that environmental journalism as a specialized field within journalistic activity is marginalized in the academic offerings of Journalism degree programs at Spanish universities. This secondary status limits not only the dissemination of environmental information, and thus its informative function, but also the educational role inherent to journalistic practice. This research aims not only to identify and quantify the presence of environmental topics in Journalism curricula, but also to understand the academic and methodological perspective of the faculty responsible for teaching this subject area. A dual methodology is employed. On the one hand, an analysis was conducted of course syllabi available on the official websites of Spanish universities. On the other hand, ten semi-structured interviews were carried out with faculty members working in this specialized area of knowledge. The results reveal insufficient specialized training and a lack of standardization, not only in epistemological orientation but also in relation to learning objectives. This situation represents a significant handicap for the professional development of future journalists.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lucía Salamanca-Durán, María-Victoria Nuño-Moral https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Text analysis with Quanteda: an introduction
Quantitative text analysis has become a core methodology within the computational turn in the social sciences and humanities. This paper presents an applied introduction to the Quanteda package for systematic text analysis in the R environment. The aim is to demonstrate, through a tutorial-oriented approach, how to design and implement a basic quantitative text analysis workflow. A set of diary entries by Alexei Navalny is used as a case study to illustrate corpus loading, preprocessing, tokenization, and stopword removal. Results obtained from frequency analysis, word clouds, and topic modeling show Quanteda’s ability to identify relevant lexical and thematic patterns. The paper demonstrates that Quanteda is an accessible and reproducible tool, particularly well suited for teaching contexts and exploratory research in digital humanities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sergio Castro-Cortacero, Nicolás Robinson-García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Disinformation networks: the virality of fake news, echo chambers and algorithmic manipulation
Misinformation, exacerbated by social media and the use of algorithms, has become one of the main dangers facing contemporary societies as we know them. It clearly undermines everything that makes us human. In the post-truth era, emotions displace facts and lies are more likely to go viral than the truth. This phenomenon is reinforced in digital echo chambers, where users are exposed only to content that confirms their beliefs, strengthening polarization and reducing their critical thinking skills. Added to this is Artificial Intelligence, which achieves an experience of veracity through hyper-realistic and viral content. In the face of this, the development of critical thinking in the post-truth era is an act of resistance against noise and manipulation. Giving up on it jeopardizes the truth itself and undermines democracy and freedom.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ulises-Jesús Medina-Martín https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mainstream social media platforms as spaces for science communication (X, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Bluesky, LinkedIn)
The role of generalist social networks (specifically X, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Bluesky and LinkedIn) as spaces for scientific dissemination is analysed. It starts from the paradox that it has never been easier to access scientific explanations and, at the same time, the context in which this content circulates has never been so fragile. It identifies audiences that trust science that follows affinity-based logic rather than purely informative logic, and algorithms that act as silent editors that prioritise the emotional over the verifiable. This analysis proposes that the evaluation of scientific dissemination on social media should incorporate qualitative evaluation criteria that lead to public debate.
Reading mediation and sociotechnical networks: Sustainability of the Semideuses de Belém literary fandom
Objective: To analyze how reading mediation contributes to the sustainability and engagement of the Semideuses de Belém (SDB) fan club, understanding its informational practices as part of a community ecosystem. Methodology: A qualitative case study was conducted using a triangulation of techniques: structured questionnaire (n=155; 58% of members), informal conversations, and field observation. Data were analyzed through content analysis (Bardin, 2016), combining open coding, thematic grouping, and interpretation. Results: Findings show a predominantly young and diverse profile, with strong LGBTQIAPN+ representation and intensive use of digital platforms (100% WhatsApp). Routines of Information Management (recording, curation, circulation) and Knowledge Management (learning, memory, collaboration) were identified, materialized in neodocuments such as posts, scripts, and collaborative spreadsheets. Reading was reported to influence participants’ personal, social, and professional lives, generating shared informational and cognitive capital. Conclusions: The SDB operates as a “living laboratory” of reading mediation, where IM and KM intertwine to produce belonging, memory, and cultural sustainability. Future research should include comparative studies with other fandoms and explore connections between formal mediation (libraries, schools) and informal mediation (fan communities).
Copyright (c) 2025 Wendel Ferreira Reis, Roberto Lopes dos Santos Junior https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Institutional repositories and academic social networks as complementary infrastructures in 21st Century Scientific Communication
This article analyzes the differences and complementarities between institutional repositories and academic social networks within the scientific communication ecosystem. It begins with a literature review and an analysis of articles in repositories and on ResearchGate, comparing their availability with data from the Rebiun report on open access in Spain (2023). The results show that 80% of articles are open access, but only 46% are accessible in full text in repositories. In contrast, of a sample of 500 articles from the same study, 99% are available on ResearchGate, but only 59% offer full access. Conversely, risks associated with social networks are documented, such as mass content removal, opaque metrics, and commercial dependence. The main conclusion is that both infrastructures are complementary: repositories guarantee regulatory compliance and preservation, while social networks provide visibility and networking opportunities. An integrated coexistence model is recommended, where the institutional repository acts as the authoritative source and social networks as complementary dissemination channels. Objective: To analyze the differences and complementarities between academic repositories and academic social networks, with special attention to research visibility and preservation, as well as the monitoring of open access mandates. Methodology: Systematic review of scientific literature, Rebiun/Fecyt guidelines, open access reports, and comparative analysis of recent cases and statistics on the adoption of repositories and academic social networks. Results: Institutional repositories guarantee long-term preservation, interoperability, and compliance with open access mandates. Rebiun data show that open access in Spain grew to 80% by 2023. Up to 46% of articles are located with full text in repositories, while, in a sample of 500 articles from the same study, 99% are present in open access repositories, but only 59% offer full access. In contrast, academic social networks offer immediate visibility and networking opportunities, but face opaque metrics, mass content removal, and dependence on commercial models. Conclusions: There is no competition, but rather complementarity, between institutional repositories and academic social networks. Repositories constitute the official archive that guarantees preservation, interoperability, and regulatory compliance, while social networks act as complementary channels for dissemination and networking, without replacing the institutional archive.
Copyright (c) 2025 Francisco-Jesús Martínez-Galindo, Ángel M. Delgado-Vázquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Legal challenges for repositories and personal data: transparency and privacy
The article analyzes the legal challenges faced by university institutional repositories in the processing of personal data. After reviewing the Spanish regulatory evolution from the Honor Law (Ley Orgánica 1/1982) to the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, 2016), it identifies an increase in public awareness and in the sanctioning power of data protection authorities. A recent resolution by the Catalan Data Protection Authority, which sanctioned a university for including personal data in an academic work deposited in its repository, marks a turning point: responsibility for data processing now lies with the institution that owns the repository. The text also examines the coexistence between repositories and research portals, the role of institutional open science policies, and the need to balance transparency with respect for privacy. Finally, it proposes preventive measures: automated and human review of content, anonymization mechanisms, reinforcement of the data minimization principle, involvement of ethics committees, and training for academic and administrative staff. The author concludes that the legal sustainability of repositories requires a combination of technology, governance, and ethical culture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ciro Llueca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Generative Engine Optimization in digital repositories: optimizing visibility for generative AI
The rapid growth of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and large-scale language models (LLMs) has transformed the way information is searched and retrieved on the web. It has shifted from traditional keyword matching and list-based results with site links to generating synthesized, conversational responses. This change presents a significant challenge to the traffic of academic digital repositories. In response, Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) emerges as a potential solution. Current SEO strategies are inadequate for ensuring that new generative engines effectively reference content. This article aims to present the first GEO strategic guidelines for institutional repositories to enhance their visibility. The methodology develops a theoretical framework that compares different search methods and adapts industry GEO strategies to repository management. Key strategies, including technical optimization, semantic structuring, metadata quality, content enhancement, interoperability, multilingual support, and new metric exploration, are identified and proposed. Ultimately, it is argued that a balanced adoption of GEO can increase the impact of repositories while maintaining their mission as user-focused public services that provide open access to scientific knowledge in the AI era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Danilo Reyes-Lillo, Alejandro Morales-Vargas, Cristòfol Rovira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Generative AI and the Fracturing of Global Science: Implications for Ibero‑America
This article examines how generative AI (GenAI) is reshaping scholarly communication, with Ibero-America, Spain and Latin America, as a critical test case. Using a world-system perspective, we map global publishing trends, AI governance regimes (EU, U.S., China), and regional benchmarks in output, collaboration, and open access. Our analysis identifies both structural assets, multilingual capacity, community-owned Diamond OA platforms, and vulnerabilities such as APC-driven stratification, English-centric LLMs, and dependence on proprietary editorial tools. We develop three scenarios for 2025–2030: inclusive convergence, where mature Spanish/Portuguese public LLMs, well-funded Diamond OA, and interoperable repositories close visibility and collaboration gaps; parallel systems, where divergent AI ecosystems and regulatory regimes raise compliance costs and fragment workflows; and cost capture, where rising APCs and paywalled tools concentrate AI benefits among well-resourced actors, undermining bibliodiversity. Across all scenarios, we propose a “no-regret” strategy: pair GenAI investments with open infrastructures, multilingual datasets, and Diamond journals; standardize AI-use disclosure; and strengthen regional bargaining power through consortial funding, capacity-building, and equitable API access. These measures can align GenAI adoption with open science principles, language equity, and sustainable scholarly ecosystems in Ibero-America.
Copyright (c) 2025 Márton Demeter, Gergő Háló, Julián-David Romero-Torres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Women and sport. A teaching and research experience related to university students’ perception of gender stereotypes in the media
One of the main ways in which gender stereotypes are reproduced is through the media. This research focuses on the treatment of female sportspeople in the press in the first World Cup played by the Spanish women’s national football team (2015) and in the last one, which they won (2023). The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of media communication on the perpetuation of gender stereotypes by university students, as well as to encourage students to engage in critical reflection on the role of the media in the inequalities affecting female athletes. The methodology employed was an exploratory study adopting a mixed approach through participant and direct observation, as well as a semi-structured survey of a sample of 48 participants. The results show that students express themselves, participate and interact, creating a collaborative work space and a collective construction of knowledge, and that 93.8% of the students surveyed stated that the space and attention devoted by the media to sportswomen is not proportional. Likewise, 95.8% also perceive a correlation between the space allocated in the media and the perpetuation of gender stereotypes. Only 39.6% considered, before undertaking the project, that the quantitative imbalance in representation was similar to what they found in the newspaper analysis, compared to 56.3% who asserted that it was not. The findings suggest that the denialist tendency of the youth can be successfully combated by putting students at the center, through discovery and meaningful learning. Furthermore, the university students were able to transmit the knowledge constructed from their own learning to the educational community of secondary education centers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lara Carrascosa-Puertas , Arminda Álamo-Bolaños https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Institutional preservation vs. network visibility: The strategic integration between institutional repositories and academic social networks for open science in Latin America
Institutional preservation vs. network visibility: The strategic integration between institutional repositories and academic social networks for open science in Latin America of repositories in the region between 2005 and 2021, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 24.7% in Peru and 13.2% in Colombia. However, scientific production remains concentrated, with Brazil and Mexico accounting for over 50% of indexed articles. The qualitative analysis delves into business models, risks of dependency on commercial platforms, and interoperability challenges. The results indicate that while IRs are fundamental for preservation and institutional governance, ASNs enhance visibility and international collaboration, albeit with risks related to sustainability and privacy. It is concluded that the strategic integration of institutional repositories and academic social networks, supported by robust public policies, is essential to overcome the "invisibility" of Latin American science and strengthen its global impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fabiano Couto Corrêa Da Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Practical training in advertising strategy: the University Effectiveness Awards
The current media landscape has profoundly transformed advertising strategies, requiring advertisers to engage in continuous adaptation. In response to this challenge, universities bear the responsibility of preparing their students to compete effectively in the professional arena, equipping them with distinctive competencies that provide a competitive advantage over graduates from other institutions. To this end, a Teaching Innovation Project (PID) has been developed, aimed at fostering the acquisition of essential knowledge, procedures, and attitudes for professional practice in advertising agencies, with a particular focus on strategic planning and advertising effectiveness. The project is structured around two compulsory courses: Advertising Strategic Planning and Advertising Effectiveness Research, implemented in two complementary phases. The first takes place in the classroom, where students work on a real briefing. The second bridges the academic and professional domains through participation in the University Effectiveness Awards, a competition that recognizes the best strategic proposals produced by student teams. In this context, students, under faculty supervision, design and present a professional campaign to a real client. Evaluation considers both the academic work submitted in the courses and the teams’ performance in the competition, assessing the quality of proposals and the outcomes achieved. Overall, the PID seeks to enrich students’ training in commercial communication, strengthening their understanding of advertising effectiveness models and enhancing their professional projection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Sebastián-Morillas, Irene Martín-Soladana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The agency of digital platforms in open science: governance, metrics, and ontological implications
This study aims to analyze how digital science platforms are reshaping traditional evaluation criteria by broadening the scope of objects recognized as legitimate scholarly output. The research, qualitative and exploratory in nature, conducts a documentary analysis of fifteen open science platforms, selected for their diversity in document formats, functionalities, metric indicators, and geographical scope. It examines aspects such as the types of hosted resources, available metrics and altmetrics, governance structures, authorship and versioning mechanisms, and emerging ontological challenges. The results reveal a plurality of scientific artifacts, such as software, datasets, preprints, workflows, and protocols, which challenge the historical centrality of the article and citation. The platforms function as visibility infrastructures, making multiple outputs computable and integrating traditional and emerging metrics, including techno-computational indicators. A strong geopolitical and institutional concentration is observed in the Global North, with a predominance of academic, governmental, and consortium-led institutions, although commercial platforms are also present. Finally, the study highlights an ontological and political shift, marked by the expansion of legitimacy regimes and the emergence of new models of authorship and governance. Although traditional metrics remain relevant, alternative indicators are gaining ground, promoting more pluralistic and contextualized forms of evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alexandre Maroldi Masson https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Algorithms for Scientific Documents: Past and Present
This study offers a comprehensive overview of document-level classification algorithms in scientific research, proposed as an alternative to the journal-based categorizations employed by major bibliographic databases such as Web of Science and Scopus. These journal-driven schemes often introduce significant inaccuracies in both information retrieval and research evaluation, as they fail to categorize articles in accordance with their actual content. First, we provide a historical review of the main approaches developed since the emergence of scientific databases, highlighting their contributions as well as their limitations. Automatic clustering techniques and community detection algorithms have represented important advances in the organization of scientific knowledge, yet they cannot serve as a practical substitute for journal-based classifications. Other approaches, such as those relying on neural networks or text mining, face scalability issues that prevent their application at the global level of science. The most recent and promising strategies are built upon simple algorithms that, starting from existing journal categorizations, reclassify articles into the same thematic hierarchies used by bibliographic databases, relying primarily on the analysis of straightforward citation and reference patterns.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jesús M. Álvarez-Llorente, Vicente P. Guerrero-Bote, Félix De-Moya-Anegón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Quo Vadis Europe? Kleptocracies in the new digital world order and algorithms
This paper raises the fundamental question of rules or algorithms, which affects us as human beings and citizens present in a complex and globalized world, where communication and information have become a basic resource, a tool, and a potential weapon used by the reigning kleptocracies to coordinate and govern the multitudes of people who make up the different human landscapes of today's official countries and regions. China and the United States have already surpassed all other countries in artificial intelligence, setting the stage for a new type of bipolar world order, also known as the "AI World Order." We will address and question Europe's desirable positioning in this global scenario of the digital revolution and artificial intelligence from an international perspective. As a methodology, after a study of the state of the art, we critically analyze various relevant approaches to algorithms and regulation in the new international competitive landscape. By way of conclusion, it is about striking a balance between the Chinese state model of digital control and the North American corporate model, which could be implemented in Europe, or exploring a possible third new way.
Copyright (c) 2025 José-Rodolfo Hernández-Carrión https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating JATS XML editing: an analysis of errors in published journal articles
This paper analyzes errors found in the JATS XML editing of scientific articles already published in academic journals. The errors are categorized into seven types, along with an additional discussion about the use of generative artificial intelligence for JATS production. Identified issues include JATS files that fail to validate against the DTD; lack of the expected structure and misuse of elements and attributes defined by the standard; incomplete JATS files with discrepancies compared to the same articles in other formats; and problems related to language declaration, writing quality, and the use of deprecated elements. The study also examines errors in the commonly used OJS plugin that renders JATS content in HTML format. Special attention is given to the implications and risks of relying on generative artificial intelligence for creating JATS files. The findings highlight the need for significant improvements in the JATS editing process. Given how the analyzed JATS files have been done and published, the paper raises questions about the effectiveness of the interoperability that JATS aims to provide, and about the internal and/or external resources used and spent for its production.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pedro Lázaro-Rodríguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0