Quo Vadis Europe? Kleptocracies in the new digital world order and algorithms

Abstract

This paper raises the fundamental question of rules or algorithms, which affects us as human beings and citizens present in a complex and globalized world, where communication and information have become a basic resource, a tool, and a potential weapon used by the reigning kleptocracies to coordinate and govern the multitudes of people who make up the different human landscapes of today's official countries and regions. China and the United States have already surpassed all other countries in artificial intelligence, setting the stage for a new type of bipolar world order, also known as the "AI World Order." We will address and question Europe's desirable positioning in this global scenario of the digital revolution and artificial intelligence from an international perspective. As a methodology, after a study of the state of the art, we critically analyze various relevant approaches to algorithms and regulation in the new international competitive landscape. By way of conclusion, it is about striking a balance between the Chinese state model of digital control and the North American corporate model, which could be implemented in Europe, or exploring a possible third new way.